HT: modernized version by Bill Gross of Onthewing.org
HT：由Onthewing.org的比尔·格罗斯现代化版本
Read an in-depth overview of the book here by by Dr. C. Matthew McMahon
在此阅读C. 马修·麦克马洪博士对本书的深入概述
中文下载
In the introduction of this book (not to be included in the online version), J. I. Packer shares his assessment of the man.
在这本书的引言中（不包括在在线版本中），J. I. 帕克分享了他对这个人的评估。
“Baxter was a big man, big enough to have big faults and make big errors.
“巴克斯特是个大人物，大到足以有大缺点和犯大错误。
A brilliant crossbencher widely learned with an astounding capacity for instant analysis, argument and appeal….
一个才华横溢的中立派，博学广识，具有惊人的即时分析、辩论和呼吁能力……
Yet he could not always use his great gifts in the best way.
然而他不能总是以最好的方式使用他的伟大恩赐。
In theology, for instance, he devised a eclectic middle route between, Reformed, Arminian and Roman doctrines of grace; interpreting the kingdom of God in terms of contemporary political ideas, he explained Christ’s death as an act of universal redemption (penal and vicarious, but not substitutionary), in virtue of which God has made a new law offering pardon and amnesty to the penitant.
例如在神学上，他设计了一条改革宗、阿米念派和罗马恩典教义之间的折中路线；用当代政治思想来解释神的国，他把基督的死解释为普世救赎的行为（刑罚性和代表性的，但不是替代性的），神凭此制定了新律法，向悔改者提供赦免和大赦。
Repentance and faith, being obedience to this law, are the believers personal saving righteousness.
悔改和信心，作为对这律法的顺服，是信徒个人的拯救义。
Baxter, a Puritan conservative, saw this quaint legalistic construction as focusing both the essential Puritan and New Testament gospel and also common ground about grace which the warring Trinitarian theologies of his day actually occupied.
巴克斯特，一个清教徒保守派，认为这种古怪的律法主义建构既聚焦了基要的清教徒和新约福音，也聚焦了他那个时代争战的三位一体神学实际占据的关于恩典的共同基础。
Others, however, saw that ‘Baxterianism’ (or ‘Neo-nomianism’, as it was called) because of the ‘new law’ idea at its heart) altered the content of the Puritan gospel, while its ‘political meathod’, if taken seriously, was objectionably rationalistic.
然而其他人看到”巴克斯特主义”（或”新律法主义”，如它被称呼的）由于其核心的”新律法”思想）改变了清教徒福音的内容，而其”政治方法”，如果认真对待的话，是令人反感的理性主义。
Time proved them right; the fruits of the seeds which Baxter sowed neonomian Moderatism in Scotland and moralistic Unitarianism in England.”
时间证明他们是对的；巴克斯特播种的种子结出的果子是苏格兰的新律法主义温和派和英格兰的道德主义一位论派。”
Packer asserts that Baxter’s theology violates the conventional creeds of Reformed theology and contends, “As a devotional writer, no praise of him can be too high; but as a theologian he was, though brilliant, something of a disaster.”
帕克断言巴克斯特的神学违背了改革宗神学的传统信条，并争辩说，”作为灵修作家，对他的赞美再高也不为过；但作为神学家，他虽然才华横溢，却有些是个灾难。”
Our inclusion of this work does not mean we agree with all of his theology.
我们收录这部作品并不意味着我们同意他所有的神学。
Baxter held to a form of Amyraldism and neonomianism … obviously two ideas we would sharply disagree with Baxter on.
巴克斯特持有一种阿米劳德主义和新律法主义的形式……显然是我们会与巴克斯特尖锐分歧的两个观点。
If you read with discernment I believe you can still benefit from this work however.
然而如果你带着辨别力阅读，我相信你仍然可以从这部作品中受益。
Of this work as published by the Author, the following was the title: ‘Gildas Salvianus: The Reformed Pastor, showing the nature of the Pastoral work; especially in Private Instruction and Catechizing; with an open CONFESSION of our too open SINS: Prepared for a Day of Humiliation kept at Worcester, December 4, 1655, by the Ministers of that County, who subscribed the Agreement for Catechizing and Personal Instruction at their entrance upon that work, By their unworthy fellow Servant, Richard Baxter, Teacher of the Church at Kederminster.’
这部作品由作者出版时的标题如下：’吉尔达斯·萨尔维亚努斯：改革宗牧师，显明牧养工作的本质；特别是在私人教导和教理问答方面；并公开承认我们过于公开的罪：为1655年12月4日在伍斯特举行的屈辱日而预备，由那个郡的牧师们预备，他们在开始那项工作时签署了教理问答和个人教导的协议，由他们不配的同工仆人，理查德·巴克斯特，基德明斯特教会的教师。’
Of the excellence of this work, it is scarcely possible to speak in too high terms.
关于这部作品的卓越，几乎不可能用过高的词语来形容。
It is not a directory relative to the various parts of the ministerial office, and in this respect it may, by some, be considered as defective; but, for powerful, pathetic, pungent, heart piercing address, we know of no work on the pastoral office to be compared with it.
它不是一个关于牧职各个部分的指南，在这方面，一些人可能认为它是有缺陷的；但是，就其有力、感人、尖锐、刺透人心的论述而言，我们不知道有任何关于牧职的作品可以与之相比。
Could we suppose it to be read by an angel, or by some other being possessed of an unfallen nature, the reasonings and expostulations of our author would be felt to be altogether irresistible; and hard must be the heart of that minister, who can read it without being moved, melted, and overwhelmed, under a sense of his own shortcomings; hard must he his heart, if he be not mused to greater faithfulness, diligence, and activity in winning souls to Christ.
如果我们假设它被天使或其他拥有未堕落本性的存在阅读，我们作者的推理和劝勉会被感受到是完全不可抗拒的；那个能够阅读它而不被感动、融化和淹没，在自己缺失感中的牧师，他的心必须是刚硬的；如果他没有被激发到在赢得灵魂归向基督上更大的忠心、勤勉和积极，他的心必须是刚硬的。
It is a work worthy of being printed in letters of gold: it deserves, at least, to be engraven on the heart of every minister.
这是一部值得用金字印刷的作品：它至少应该被刻在每个牧师的心上。
But, with all its excellencies, the ‘Reformed Pastor’, as originally published by our author, labors under considerable defects, especially as regards its usefulness in the present day.
但是，尽管有所有的卓越之处，我们作者最初出版的《改革宗牧师》在相当大的缺陷下受苦，特别是关于它在当今的有用性方面。
With the view of remedying the imperfections of the original work, the Rev Samuel Palmer, of Hackney, published, in 1766, an Abridgement of it; but though it was scarcely possible to present the work in any form, without furnishing powerful and impressive appeals to the consciences of ministers, he essentially failed in presenting it in an improved form.
为了补救原作的不完善，哈克尼的撒母耳·帕尔默牧师在1766年出版了它的摘要；但尽管几乎不可能以任何形式呈现这部作品而不向牧师的良心提供有力和令人印象深刻的呼吁，他在以改进的形式呈现它方面基本上失败了。
In fact, the work in its original state was, with all its faults, greatly to be preferred to Palmer’s abridgement of it: if the latter was freed from some of its defects, it also lost much of its excellence.
事实上，这部作品在其原始状态下，尽管有所有缺点，也大大优于帕尔默的摘要：如果后者摆脱了一些缺陷，它也失去了很多卓越之处。
We may often, with advantage, throw out extraneous matter from the writings of Baxter; but there are few men’s works which less admit of abridgement.
我们经常可以有利地从巴克斯特的著作中丢弃无关的内容；但很少有人的作品不太适合摘要。
This sacrifices their fullness and richness of illustration, enervates their energy, and evaporates their power and pathos.
这牺牲了它们说明的完整性和丰富性，削弱了它们的能量，蒸发了它们的力量和感染力。
The work which is now presented to the public, is not, strictly speaking, an abridgement.
现在呈现给公众的作品，严格来说，不是一个摘要。
Though considerably less than the original, it has been reduced in size, chiefly by the omission of extraneous and controversial matter, which, however useful it might be when the work was originally published, is for the most part inapplicable to the circumstances of the present age.
虽然比原作少了相当多，但它的篇幅已经缩减，主要是通过省略无关和有争议的内容，这些内容虽然在作品最初出版时可能有用，但大部分不适用于当代的情况。
I have also in some instances changed the order of particular parts.
我也在某些情况下改变了特定部分的顺序。
The ‘Motives to the Oversight of the Flock,’ which our author had placed in his Application, I have introduced in that part of the discourse to which they refer, just as we have ‘Motives to the Oversight of Ourselves,’ in the preceding part of the treatise.
我们作者在他的应用中放置的”监督羊群的动机”，我已经在它们所指的论述部分中介绍了，正如我们在论文的前面部分有”监督我们自己的动机”一样。
Some of the particulars which he has under the head of Motives, I have introduced in other parts of the body of the discourse, to which they appeared more naturally to belong.
他在动机标题下的一些细节，我已经在论述主体的其他部分中介绍了，它们似乎更自然地属于那里。
But though I have used some freedom in the way of transposition, I have been anxious not to sacrifice the force and fullness of our author’s illustrations to mere logical arrangement.
但尽管我在调换方面使用了一些自由，我一直担心不要为了纯粹的逻辑安排而牺牲我们作者说明的力量和完整性。
Many of the same topics, for instance, are still retained in the Application, which had occurred in the body of the discourse, and are there touched with a master’s hand, but which would have lost much of their appropriateness and energy, had I separated them from that particular connection in which they stand, and introduced them in a different part of the work.
例如，许多相同的主题仍然保留在应用中，这些主题在论述的主体中出现过，在那里被大师之手触及，但如果我将它们从它们所处的特定联系中分离出来，并在作品的不同部分中介绍它们，它们会失去很多适切性和能量。
I have also corrected the language of our author; but I have been solicitous not to modernise it.
我也纠正了我们作者的语言；但我一直关切不要使它现代化。
Though to adopt the phraseology and forms of speech employed by the writers of that age, would be a piece of silly affectation in an author of the present day, yet there is something simple, venerable, and impressive in it, as used by the writers themselves.
虽然采用那个时代作家使用的措辞和语言形式，对于当代作家来说会是一种愚蠢的矫揉造作，但当作家们自己使用时，其中有某种简单、庄严和令人印象深刻的东西。
While, however, I have made these changes from the original, I trust I have not injured, but on the contrary, improved the work; that the spirit of its great author is so much preserved, that those who are most familiar with his writings would scarcely be sensible of the alterations I have made, had I not stated them in this place.
然而，虽然我对原作做了这些改变，我相信我没有损害，相反，改进了这部作品；它伟大作者的精神得到了很好的保存，那些最熟悉他著作的人几乎不会察觉到我所做的改动，如果我没有在这里说明的话。
Before I conclude, I cannot help suggesting to the friends of religion, that they could not perhaps do more good at less expense, than by presenting copies of this work to the ministers of Christ throughout the country.
在我结束之前，我不能不向宗教的朋友们建议，他们也许不能以更少的费用做更多的善事，胜过向全国各地的基督的牧师们赠送这部作品的副本。
There is no class of the community on whom the prosperity of the church of Christ so much depends as on its ministers.
没有哪个社会阶层像基督教会的牧师们那样，基督教会的兴旺如此依赖于他们。
If their zeal and activity languish,, the interests of religion are likely to languish in proportion; while, on the other hand, whatever is calculated to stimulate their zeal and activity, is likely to promote, in a proportional degree, the interests of religion.
如果他们的热心和活跃衰退，宗教的利益很可能按比例衰退；而另一方面，任何计算用来刺激他们热心和活跃的东西，很可能按比例促进宗教的利益。
They are the chief instruments through whom good is to be effected in any country.
他们是在任何国家实现良善的主要器皿。
How important, then, must it be to stir them up to holy zeal and activity in the cause of the Redeemer!
那么，在救赎主的事业中激发他们圣洁的热心和活跃是多么重要！
A tract given to a poor man may be the means of his conversion; but a work such as this, presented to a minister, may, through his increased faithfulness and energy, prove the conversion of multitudes.
给穷人的小册子可能是他转换的途径；但像这样的作品，呈现给牧师，可能通过他增加的忠心和能量，证明众多人的转换。
Ministers themselves are not perhaps sufficiently disposed to purchase works of this kind: they are more ready to purchase books which will assist them, than such as will stimulate them in their work.
牧师们自己也许不够倾向于购买这类作品：他们更愿意购买会帮助他们的书，而不是那些会在工作中刺激他们的书。
If, therefore, any plan could be devised for presenting a copy of it to every minister of the various denominations throughout the United Kingdom, what incalculable good might be effected!
因此，如果能够设计出任何计划，向整个英国各宗派的每个牧师赠送一本，可能会产生什么无法估量的良善！
There are many individuals to whom it would be no great burden to purchase twenty, fifty, or a hundred copies of such a work as this, and to send it to ministers in different parts of the country; or several individuals might unite together for this purpose.
有许多个人，购买二十、五十或一百本这样的作品对他们来说不会是很大的负担，并将其寄给国家不同地区的牧师们；或者几个个人可能为了这个目的联合起来。
I can scarcely conceive any way in which they would be likely to be more useful.
我几乎无法想象他们可能更有用的任何方式。
To the different Missionary Societies, I trust I may be allowed to make a similar suggestion.
对于不同的宣教协会，我相信我可以被允许提出类似的建议。
To furnish every missionary, or at least every Missionary Station, with a copy of the Reformed Pastor, would, I doubt not, he a powerful mean of promoting the grand object of Christian Missions.
为每个宣教士，或至少每个宣教站提供一本《改革宗牧师》，我毫不怀疑，这会是促进基督教宣教伟大目标的有力途径。
Sure I am of this, there is no work so much calculated to stimulate a missionary to holy zeal and activity in his evangelistic labors.
我确信这一点，没有任何作品如此计算用来刺激宣教士在他的传福音劳作中的圣洁热心和活跃。
WILLIAM BROWN Edinburgh 12 March 1829
威廉·布朗 爱丁堡 1829年3月12日
Table of Contents
目录
PREFACE DEDICATION
序言 题献
INTRODUCTORY NOTE
介绍性说明
CHAPTER 1 – THE OVERSIGHT OF OURSELVES
第一章 – 监督我们自己
SECTION 1 – THE NATURE OF THIS OVERSIGHT
第一节 – 这种监督的本质
SECTION 2 THE MOTIVES TO THIS OVERSIGHT
第二节 这种监督的动机
CHAPTER 2 – THE OVERSIGHT OF THE FLOCK
第二章 – 监督羊群
SECTION 1 – THE NATURE OF THIS OVERSIGHT
第一节 – 这种监督的本质
SECTION 2 – THE MANNER OF THIS OVERSIGHT
第二节 – 这种监督的方式
SECTION 3 – MOTIVES TO THE
第三节 – 动机
OVERSIGHT OF THE FLOCK
监督羊群
CHAPTER 3 – APPLICATION
第三章 – 应用
SECTION 1 – THE USE OF HUMILIATION
第一节 – 屈辱的用途
SECTION 2 – THE DUTY OF PERSONAL CATECHIZING
第二节 – 个人教理问答的职责
PART I – MOTIVES TO PERFORM THIS DUTY
第一部分 – 履行这一职责的动机
ARTICLE I – MOTIVES FROM THE BENEFITS OF THE WORK
第一条 – 来自工作益处的动机
ARTICLE 2 – MOTIVES FROM THE DIFFICULTIES OF THE WORK
第二条 – 来自工作困难的动机
ARTICLE 3 – MOTIVES FROM THE NECESSITY OF THE WORK
第三条 – 来自工作必要性的动机
ARTICLE 4 – APPLICATION OF THESE MOTIVES
第四条 – 这些动机的应用
PART II – OBJECTIONS TO THIS DUTY
第二部分 – 对这一职责的反对意见
PART III – DIRECTIONS FOR THIS DUTY
第三部分 – 这一职责的指导
ARTICLE 1 – Bringing People to submit to Instruction
第一条 – 带领人们顺服教导
ARTICLE 2 – How to Deal Most Effectually with Them in the Work
第二条 – 如何在工作中最有效地与他们打交道